South Africa’s 2026 Budget highlights government’s spending priorities over the medium term, emphasising the need to balance fiscal sustainability with continued investment in public services and infrastructure.
A significant share of consolidated government spending continues to be directed toward social services, which account for around 60% of non-interest expenditure over the medium term. This includes spending on education, health, social development and community development. These allocations reflect government’s continued focus on addressing poverty, inequality and unemployment while maintaining core public services.
Within this, learning and culture remains the largest spending function, receiving about 24% of total consolidated expenditure, followed by social development at around 21%. Social development spending includes funding for social grants and other income support programmes that provide a critical safety net for millions of South Africans. Health services account for roughly 13% of total expenditure, supporting hospitals, clinics and broader public health programmes.
Infrastructure investment also remains a priority in the 2026 budget. Government plans to allocate over R1 trillion to public infrastructure over the medium term, with spending directed toward key sectors such as electricity, water, transport and logistics. These investments are intended to improve service delivery while addressing major constraints on economic activity, including unreliable energy supply and inefficiencies in freight rail and ports.
At the same time, the budget recognises that fiscal pressures require careful spending choices. Debt-service costs continue to absorb a growing share of resources, accounting for about 22 cents of every rand of revenue collected. This limits the resources available for new programmes and highlights the importance of stabilising public debt.
Government has therefore emphasised the need to reprioritise spending within departments and improve the efficiency of public expenditure. Strengthening project preparation, improving procurement systems and expanding partnerships with the private sector are all identified as ways to improve the impact of public investment.
Overall, the expenditure framework reflects a careful balancing act: protecting social spending while maintaining investment in growth-enhancing infrastructure within tight fiscal constraints.